Review for Final

a)Bring paper, pencils, calculator

b)Format similar to previous Exams (same length)

c)Planetary data and constants will be provided

d)Questions will be:

●Multiple choice, short answer and short math problems

e)To study:

●Review homework, Chapter Summaries, Exams, and "Review and Discussion" Questions

Properties of our Solar System

List of Solar System Properties

1. Each planet is relatively isolated

2.Orbits of planets are nearly circular

3.Orbits of planets lie nearly in the same plane

4.The revolution of the planet's about the Sun is in the same direction as the Sun rotates

5.The direction that planet's rotate is the same as the Sun in general

6. Most moons revolve about their planets in the same sense as the planets orbit the Sun

7.Planetary system is highly differentiated

8.Asteroids are very old and do not resemble planets or moons

9.Comets are primitive, icy fragments that do not orbit in ecliptic plane and reside at large distances from Sun

Exceptions to Solar System Properties

Earth

a)Big questions that we have studied:

●How did Earth evolve to have life?

●How did we get here?

●What is our future?

Planetary Differentiation

a)Comparative planetology

●Terrestrial planets

●Jovian planets

Planet Properties

a)Size, mass, density, atmosphere composition, orbit

b)How do we measure properties?

Differences Between Atmospheres

a)Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, Mars

●Greenhouse effect

●Nitrogen fraction

●Density, surface temperature

b)Thick cold atmospheres of Jovian worlds

c)Escape of atmospheres

●Escape speed vs. molecular speed

Pieces of Model

a)Nebular contraction

b)Dust needed to start clumping of material

c)Accretion and fragmentation

d)Role of heat-condensation theory

Model of Early Planet Formation

a)Fig. 15.4 and 15.7

Condensation Theory

a)Molecules and solids form as regions of the solar system cool

b)Outer part of solar system cooled off first

c)Explains differentiation of solar system

d)Fig. 15.8

Nebular Contraction

a)Nebular contraction

b)Flattening of cloud

c)Angular momentum conservation

Accretion

a)Gradual growth of small objects (planetesimals) by collision and sticking

b)Fig. 15.6

Cleaning up Debris

a)Planetesimal ejection

b)Populates Kuiper belt and Oort cloud

c)Fig. 15.9

Evidence of Dust

a)Fig. 15.3